Tools used for dental materials characterization

Abstract

Abstract: Spectroscopy is a term that describes the interaction of matter with electromagnetic radiation. Several forms of interaction exist: absorption, emission, diffraction and scattering of radiation. Therefore, spectroscopy is used to characterize/detect matter (atoms, molecules, and nuclei) based on the produced spectra and following their interaction with radiation. The electromagnetic spectrum is a range of frequencies of the electromagnetic radiation and the corresponding wavelengths and photon energies. Also, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) belongs to the family of photoemission spectroscopies in which electron population spectra are obtained by irradiating a material with a beam of X-rays. Chemical states are inferred from the measurement of the kinetic energy and the number of the ejected electrons. In addition, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) is a rapid analytical technique primarily used for quantitative determination of crystal phase content and composition and can provide information on unit cell dimensions.