Bioengineered Models in Oral Health: From Development to Clinical Applications

Abstract

Oral bioengineered models have emerged as a leading platform for oral health research because they can closely resemble the structure, biology, and function of native oral tissue. Through the combination of living cells with sophisticated biofabrication technologies and smart biomaterials, these models outperform other model systems, such as conventional 2D in vitro cultures and animal models. This article summarizes recent advances in the generation and characterization of bioengineered oral models, as well as their applications in modeling human oral diseases, regenerative dentistry, and biomaterial testing. The actual limitations and forthcoming opportunities towards translational and personalized oral care is also emphasized.