Role of Thread Geometry in the Compressive Strength of Dental Implants

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different dental implant thread geometries on the compressive strength of dental implants. Based on thread form, sixty custom-made grade 4 titanium dental implant screws were prepared and grouped into; V-Shape (Group 1), Square Shape (Group 2), Buttress Shape (Group 3), and Reverse Buttress Form (Group 4); Standard lab analysis set up as recommended in ISO14801. The implants were embedded in an acrylic block and tested under a 30 °off-axis compression load. The compressive strength test was carried out using a Universal Testing Machine (UTM). The resulting data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test. The results showed that Group 1 (V-Shape) was found to be statistically significantly higher than Group 2 (Square Shape Threads) and Group 3 (Buttress Thread Shapes). Group 4 (Reverse Buttress Shapes) was found to be statistically significantly higher than Group 2 and Group 3. There is no statistically significant difference between Group 2 and Group 3 (p>0.05). There is no statistically significant difference between Group 1 and Group 4 (p>0.05). The results of this study suggest that various thread designs may play a critical role in the fracture load of implants under static load, where the reverse buttress and V-shape thread designs show better resistance than the other shapes.